Affect Of Media Violence On Children Young People Essay Essays

Influence Of Media Violence On Children Young People Essay Essays Influence Of Media Violence On Children Young People Essay Influence Of Media Violence On Children Young People Essay People groups s wretchedness going entertainment, that s what s dangerous. What's more, that is by all accounts the topographic point we re voyaging. I stress over Media Violence ( George Clooney ) . Media importantly affect kids, since they are in the period of developing. How media power influence kids lives? Youngsters resemble wipes, with regards to accomplishing comprehension. In late mature ages the media s work expansion and effect our children. Regularly in periods of developing, the children need to larn from an attendant to cognize acceptable behavior and spread with individuals around them, for outline, broadcasting appears in which 1000000s of channels, including utile and which inauspiciously affects the children, in order to take to whimsical conduct and sudden. Envision if kids lose the Television for outline, what will go on? Without a doubt miss their preferred plans and lifes in view of that media waterway to perceive what is going on around them, however the media turned into a significant start for the arrangement of the conduct of children and we ca nt dismissal such a vocation. At the point when children watch or hear something on the media early influences them in some way for long haul or present moment. An inappropriate accepting way may take to hold accentuation that make them to the approaching of a wide range of manifestations like power. Media plays a solid capacity on kids practices. One side of individuals contend this marvel and accept that the media does nt sway on kids as a result of parent s control, yet from the opposite side see that the media has a significant outcome on kids with parent s counsel. The specialists should step in to hinder this activity from dispersing and to shield kids from being influenced. Many research before 1990, Confirmed that children learn brutal conduct and deciding their qualities by media. ( Villani, July 1996 ) . In this check I had arranged an examination that shows how the media influences ou r children. Does media power outcome our children? As can be seen from the diagram over all meetings recorded that they accept media has a result on our children ( Tarish, 2011 ) . Tarish, Z. Meetings directed with understudies and establishment individuals on 15 March 2011 at Gulf University for Science and Technology, West Mishref, Kuwait Government must create Torahs to chop down power in our children in view of their negative impacts, and the vast majority of import reason for this activity: ( 1 ) expanded sentiments of malevolence, ( 2 ) less delicate to the others torment and expanded messiness of individuals emotions, ( 3 ) sentiments of uneasiness and ineptitude, and ( 4 ) belief of power. Government should however Polices to chop down this wonders since media power turned into a new position to human race. These constabularies must incorporate of numerous Torahs, for example, Prevent the transmittal of media compel what's more forestall the offer of computer games that contain power and set classification that gain proficiency with the guardians how to order their children and Maintain them from this activity. This will lessen media power a clump and larn the children how to order their lives With parental control. qualifier thereof relational word in at on inside during by among Reason ( 1 ) show that media power expansion the sentiments of malevolence. ( What is malevolence, How the children gotten helpless to threatening vibe? ) . Antagonistic vibe it s outrage inside the human natural structure and shows up with feeling and strained quality. children can take awful conduct through the broadcasting or picture games and take them to erroneous accepting that lead to underscore and to the approaching of a wide range of side effects like power. An inappropriate idea that sway by media power Affected by the children from the passionate aspects, mental and cultural. So in this consideration they will lose everything that help them to developing. Passionate aspects like holding accentuation, Anxiety and insufficiency of sleep and the sentiment of solace and wellbeing taking to the outgrowth of infection antagonistically influenced their health. Mental features that cause children to pretermit their surveies and take part in dramatization or watching the plans tha t show up on Television. At last Social aspects and it s the vast majority of import features for the developing of children. At this stage kids prepared to acknowledge anything against them and staring at the Television with such violet s plans or games, they will go spurred to a few things, including: detachment with companions and family unit and submit conduct could affect around them. Media will make children to hazardous conduct since it s incorporate scenes of offense against others. In the drawn out these ListenRead phoneticall.kfkjfA Dictionary Position expand dictionaryscenes will build kids s impacts and do fierce conduct through impersonation. There is an of import grounds demoing that all-inclusive Television screening among kids is related with resulting forceful Acts of the Apostless. Other than it can expand a children s forceful conduct by fierce movies that expansion unfriendly emotions and the handiness of forceful thoughts. Research laborers recommends that power in computer games might be more to kids s hostility than watching scenes vicious Acts of the Apostless on Television. Fitting to this proposal ( Cesarone, 1994 ) . This examination shows that the outcome of power on the media, for example, ( Television, picture games and a few magazines were more prominent for adults than for kids however in the drawn out impacts were more prominent for kids than for adults. This outcomes shows the connection between forceful practices and media. Thus it s clear that the media through the Television and picture games have the greatest effect on kids. We ca nt dismiss the way that what children see on broadcasting, in the movies, over the Internet and in the image games they are playing, affects the way they carry on, Rep. Markey said. So in this example guardians ought to do capacities for their children to remove this wonders and reduce the pace of staring at the Television or playing computer games. Another review by ( Goldstein, 1998 ) shows the connection between media power and in expanded malevolence, it s start with picked a gathering of misss and male childs, who their ages went between 9-11 to play computer games, and the Department the gathering of male childs into two classs the top of the line for playing an athleticss game rough and the other playing soldierly humanistic teaches extremely fierce and in the wake of playing so advised the top of the line to peruse 5 accounts of the provocative and different outcome s were non. At last they found that kids who play extremely fierce game is affected more than the different class. Tune in Peruse phonetically Word reference Position point by point word reference Reason ( 2 ) kids become less delicate to the stinging and do nt care about others around them. Youngsters, for example, the ocean swallows everything, in this occasion when children sit in front of the Television they want to cognize everything and gain from it.For delineation motion pictures for power or killing, they trying to cognize how the person in question slaughter individual and where, there will be thousand of requests in their minds. On the different manus they will non hold a feeling surprisingly around them, so they become solitary and do nt wish mixing with individuals around them. With the progress of clasp, they will hold a condemnable tendencies after that they become a criminals. Crooks are the 1s who lives in the troublesome conditions, for outline: they have no 1 take consideration about them, nobody articulation for them and lack of parental control these all prompts offense. In some bleeding scenes on broadcasting or picture games, the children may hold debilit ate and solidified chest and simple influenced by all the things around them, how whenever solidified? They become progressively vicious towards individuals around them and do nt care about their emotions. A few shops everyplace known to mankind sells movies or games for kids, named killing and bloodshed.The length of clasp children will play computer games around 20 hours with no exaggeration and this influences them, non just their idea and their heads and either pretermiting their surveies Where is the parent s control? . May guardians do nt care about their children and permit them make anything they desire, this is the activity that drove the children copy all they watch or hear. Reason ( 3 ) is that the media power increment the pace of the offense and killing that influence direct our children. It s other than a message for the children that the universe is a perilous topographic point for them, so believed that they are frail against it. In this occurrence they will be stress over themselves and apprehensive from all individuals around them and they wo nt be allowed to play like others. Free dramatization is important to kids for some grounds, for example, procurement and turning. Blending to ( Alberta teacher,1999 ) that shows that, children will hold health result by media power, for example, ( 1 ) experience incubuss and kiping upsets, ( 2 ) blood power for every unit zone since they are under a pressure power in the media may other than increment trepidations and anxiousnesss, imagined that they will go the accompanying survivor of a savage demonstration. Youngsters are blessing from God we should take consideration about them from the power on media t hat expansion the pace of wellbeing work and the pace of offense. Some examination shows the pace of power through staring at the Television, One of this exploration for ( Bryant, Carveth,1981 ) who asked college understudy who was picked as an arbitrarily bunch for sitting in front of the Television to cognize the effect on them. Hardly any survey crowds were approached to watch broadcasting not exactly the others. Also, he asked to review crowds to watch at any rate 28 hours of the week. , and after six hebdomads they found that, substantial survey crowds conceded and accepted that they were influenced

Analysis Of Wife Of Bath Essays - The Canterbury Tales,

Examination of Wife of Bath Examination of Wife of Bath Geoffrey Chaucer was accused of assault by a lady named Cecily Chaumpaigne around the year 1380. It is the best bet that a recognizable character, for example, Chaucer would not have been blameworthy of this charge. Be that as it may, assault most likely alluded to abducting as opposed to ambushing a lady as it implies today. Cecily Chaumpaigne in 1380 discharged Chaucer of all charges of raptu meo, an expression that could be deciphered as holding onto me. It is conceivable that this claim of assault welcomed on to Chaucer by Cecily Chaumpaigne, is the very explanation for the Tale of the Wife of Bath. The spouse of Bath is an extreme lady with her very own brain and she isn't hesitant to talk it. She scares men what's more, lady the same because of the quality she has. In any case, rather than appearing this as a positive trademark, Chaucer makes her toothless and appalling. Be that as it may, Chaucer, rather than depicting her low-social class as despicable, Chaucer demonstrated that she is really reasonable and persuasive. Chaucer identifies with her since he himself was viewed as low-class. The spouse of Bath has likewise had five unique spouses and endless undertakings, consequently breaking guiltless men*s hearts. Her spouses fell into two classifications. The first class of spouses was: rich, yet in addition old and unfit to satisfy her requests, explicitly that is. Different spouses were explicitly fiery, yet harder to control. The initial three were rich, old, and envious. She subdued them by blaming them for indiscriminate conduct, that she herself rehearsed. Her fourth spouse had a courtesan, so she gave him a genuine reason for desire. Her fifth marriage was despondent on the grounds that her better half who is half of her age beats her. To outrage her fifth spouse, the wife of Bath tore three pages from his book. After this he beat her once more. She professed to be dead and he felt so regretful that he tossed his entire book in the fire. This gave her the high ground for an amazing remainder. The spouse of Bath is an extremely jealous ladies, who wants just a couple of straightforward things throughout everyday life. She jumps at the chance to make reflect pictures of herself, through her accounts, which here and there mirrors the individual who she truly is. This is totally demonstrated through the numerous ways she depicts her characters. The story of The spouse of Bath is a blend of philosophical ideas and exemplum. It recounts women*s want to have authority over men; And genuine tenderness relies upon deeds as opposed to birth. The story start with a Knight who at last assaults a lady. He is taken what's more, sentenced to bite the dust (such was the custom at that point) however the lord, in respect to the women and the queen*s supplications, permits the women to pass judgment on him. They reveal to him he can spare his life just if a year and after a day he can tell them what it is that ladies most want. He meanders long without finding the appropriate response; he is going to return despondent when he happens upon an old and astoundingly revolting lady. She says that on the off chance that he vows to do whatever she will next ask him, she will reveal to him the appropriate response. He concurs and comes back with the appropriate response: ladies most want to have sway over their spouses. The sovereign and her women are astonished; they award him his life. The elderly person at that point makes her interest: that he wed her. She will acknowledge no less. On their wedding night; he gets some distance from her. She asks him what is wrong. He answers that she is old and appalling and low conceived. The elderly person illustrates to him that none of these issue - particularly respectable birth, since valid delicacy relies upon deeds instead of birth. She offers him the decision: he can have her old and appalling and loyal or youthful, delightful, and perhaps unchaste. He advises her to pick; he gives her the sway. At the point when he does so she transforms into a lovely lady, and they live from that point in flawless happiness. The word assault is frequently advanced by the spouse all through the story. The lord in the spouse's story speaks to power. The lord would have delivered discipline on the knight. The sovereign on the other hand would have driven his sentence to assault him back, An eye for an eye. The end is triumph of her subject, oppression. The spouse is the attacker knight herself. The spouse having made the knight and subject of assault is a never-ending self-attacker. There is

Le BBQ

Le BBQ Two of my dear friends, Gary Sherveen, wanted to host a BBQ this weekend, and enlisted me to help organize. My main contribution, besides insisting that we serve corn on the cob, was deciding on a theme. Had I first gone to Party City, I might have realized that all the graduation/4th of July decorations were on sale, but I chose to look forward (though some may argue time isnt linear) instead and celebrate le 14 juillet Bastille Day! ( Bastille. Its French for Why are you stabbing me? I just released you from prison. The Daily Show) We wanted to tie in the Olympics somehow, but no such luck there. Sorry, Paris. So anyway, read on to find out how we planned and executed the greatest BBQ in the history of the universe. I should warn you that I saw Le Divorce on Thursday, so Im feeling a little, how do you say, francophone at the moment. Here is the location of the BBQ. It reminds me of the many summers I spent in Grenoble. They had some fantastic vin de noix, je me souviens. We needed lemons for the greatest marinade this side of the Seine River, but rather than go to the grocery store, we picked them from the lemon grove in nearby Cannes. La vie en bowls. (For those who dont get it, visit www.edithpiaf.com) The next day, I helped chop les fraises et les pommes for what was to become the greatest fruit salad this side of July 14th. I erroneously added the raspberries in the beginning, and they got smushed =( Ah, cest la vie. The outdoor terrace, where mes amis mingled until our feast was ready. We played this game in which non-MIT people would yell out a number, and MIT people would say to which course it corresponded. Fun for toute la famille! We planned to have alternating napkin colors, but that flies out the window when you have an odd number of plates Sur La Table. (EDIT: I have been notified that there are 6, not 5 plates. We originally had 5, then someone who was not in harmony with our alternating napkin strategy snuck in an extra place setting and ruined the pattern.)

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The Effects Of Video Games On Young People And Children

The popularity of video-games, especially violent video games, has reached phenomenal proportions. The theoretical line of reasoning that hypothesizes a causal relationship between violent video-game play and aggression draws on the very large literature on media violence effects. Additionally, there are theoretical reasons to believe that video game effects should be stronger than a movie or television violence effects. This paper outlines what is known about the relationship between violent video-game playing and aggression. Also, to determine other factors apart from video games that contribute to anti-social behavior in young people and children, and to identify countermeasures that can be put in place so that video games cannot affect young people negatively. Many teenagers in America who use violent video games have exhibited anti-social behaviors in all aspects of life in the community. The transformation of man’s life has occurred over many centuries. The beginning of the 19th century witnessed more scientific discoveries in the field of technology. Techno-science is credited with these discoveries, and what this has done is that it has improved life on earth and made it better. We now live in a world whereby all ages have some form of scientific discovery that makes life better and more complicated. It is true that sophistication is the principal reason behind all scientific discoveries. Moreover, the nature of man is that man is a creature that seeks to improve itsShow MoreRelatedViolent Video Games Effect People1720 Words   |  7 PagesVideo games are almost always present in any house that is home to an adolescent child. While video games are popular among people of all ages, adolescent children are usually the most involved. An article was developed by three members of the Psychopathology department at a university in the Netherlands. While address ing the use of video games the statement was made that â€Å"Today, in the United States, 91% of children between the ages of 2 and 17 play video games†(Granic, Lobel, Engels). ChildrenRead MoreHow Are Violent Video Games Affecting Young People? Essay911 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Head shot!† These are just a few examples of dialogue spoken by children while they are playing violent video games. These video games might seem like harmless fun, but what if the violence in these games is affecting the behavior of young players interacting with others? In a society driven by technology, video games are becoming more popular each and everyday. People of all ages enjoy video games in their free time; these games allow the player to become an athlete, a soldier, or a professionalRead MoreVideo Games Do Not Cause Violent Behavior855 Words   |  4 PagesVideo games do not cause violent behavior The advancement of technology in the contemporary word has increased the use of video games by children, teenagers and young adults. The video games have existed for almost three decades and the controversy of their causing violent behavior spans the same period (Porter and Starcevic,422). The release of Death Race game in 1970s initiated a debate with organizations, governments officials and other institution taking sides in the argument of whether violentRead MoreThe Effects of Violent Video Games on the Young1575 Words   |  6 Pagesroll music could have on their children. Much like the bad reputation rock and roll music received in the 1950’s, violent video games have been questioned and looked down upon as a newer form of influential media. Violent video games have been blamed for bullying, school shootings, increasing rape, and increasing the amount of women being abused. Despite the popular belief that video games can be very harmful to a child’s mind and ca use violent behavior, video games don’t cause as much psychologicalRead MoreVideo Games And The Video Game945 Words   |  4 Pagesentertainment which was the video game. It all started with Atari’s first console, which only had a simple game of tennis. Since then, many other companies released game consoles such as the Xbox, Playstation, and Nintendo 64. Although many adults participated in this association, children were the main crowd of this attraction, in the next following decades, children that play video games will gain remarkable techniques. As a result, video games have positively influenced children that would enhance mentalRead MoreThe Effects of Video Games on Children1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Video Games on Children Technology today has progressed rapidly from generation to generation. Children and young adults are both into video games and the latest gadgets out there. Video games have been available to customers for the last 30 years. They are a unique way to entertain individuals because they encourage players to become a part of the games script. Victor Strasburger an author of â€Å"Children, Adolescents, and the media† stated â€Å"The rising popularity of video games hasRead MoreBanning Violent Video Games On Children1545 Words   |  7 Pages Banning Violent Video Games A child is killing police officers. A teenager is hiring prostitutes to potentially kill them. He is using weapons such as guns, chainsaws, and knives to kill and commit horrible crimes. Thousands of children and teens participate in these actions daily. How? Violent Video games such as Doom, Call of Duty, and Grand Theft Auto are just a few of the games that are full of these awful actions. The Harvard Mental Health Letter states, â€Å"The Pew Research Center reportedRead MoreEng 1011630 Words   |  7 PagesViolence in Music Videos and Music Lyrics has a negative impact on children. Music videos that expose profanity and sexuality are inappropriate and leave a negative impression on young children. Violence in music videos can cause health problem. Music videos that promote negative lyrics are affecting young children. Music lyrics with vulgar languages affect the development and well-being of young children. For example, the study author (Stone, 2009) found †Å"that music with explicit referencesRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Young Children1742 Words   |  7 Pages Observational Learning the Young Child Luciana D. Lavilaire Florida International University Prof. Marie Daurel - P. 1 Abstract This paper intends to bring awareness to the harmful effects of the media on young children. Through this paper, I will investigate the claim that television promotes observational learning. I will describe the obscenities the media exposes to children. With that, I will explain how the media causes aggression in consumers, especially those of youth. ThisRead MoreVideo Games Violent Effect on Youth1186 Words   |  5 Pagesafter losing a games in call of duty, and you are wondering why he is acting like this. What you might not realize is that it could be the violent video game affecting his behavior. The effects of violent video games in youth have devastating effects on them. These effects can range from violent behavior to acting out in school, and even possibly maybe even crime. The games you kids play could be more violent then you even know. Call of Duty, one of the leading first person shooter games, is all about

Quality Web Design Free Essays

Quality Web Design (QWD) Security Weaknesses Steve Gelin Submitted to: Jack Sibrizzi SE571: Principles of Information Security and Privacy Keller Graduate School of Management Submitted: 8/25/2012 Table of Contents Executive Summary3 Company Overview3 Security Vulnerabilities3 Software Vulnerabilities4 Hardware Vulnerabilities4 Recommended Solutions5 A Hardware Example Solution5 A Software Example Solution5 Impact on Business Processes5 Summary5 References6 Executive Summary My paper focuses on a security assessment of Quality Web Design (QWD), which is a very successful company that is well-known for its magnificent and appealing websites; they work on trying to get your company or business in the top 10 search engine results so that searchers find you on the first page of the search results. They have a competitive pricing scheme going on, they offer many different options for their website construction, and they start by offering the customer a selection of pre-designed websites that they themselves can customize with their individual logos, text, images, themes or just a whole different template and any other information that would be helpful in catching the eye of potential customers. Company Overview Quality Web Design (QWD) is a business that specifies and focuses on Web site, Web development, content design, programming, graphic design, photo editing and logo design for all types of businesses. We will write a custom essay sample on Quality Web Design or any similar topic only for you Order Now QWD is a web graphic design and development company based out of Orlando, Fl. QWD cater to a huge and diverse clientele that spans across USA, UK and Canada. Security Vulnerabilities: Software Vulnerabilities Listed further down are two security vulnerabilities: software and hardware. These security vulnerabilities were identified through the initial verification of the QWD software usage for their web design company. A majority of QWD personnel require out of office access when working on projects for the company, so the use of Virtual Private Networks called (VPN’s), Outlook Web email, Microsoft SQL 2008 Server and Microsoft Exchange 2007 email servers which utilize the corporate intranet resources. Remotely utilizing these programs or software out of the company will cause QWD to be exposed to attacks from the internet. But not only that, employees put the utilization of corporate equipment such as desktops, laptops mobile devices (iPhones and Windows Mobile 6) in very harmful situations that the company will pay for dearly later as time progress. Having these equipment listed it is possible to incur outside attacks from the internet while utilizing the company intranet resource on a remote computer that is not protected. As I’ve read the different equipment listed within the QWD company it seems that there employee laptops, mobile devices are being used unprotected over the internet which could lead to situations such as Trojan horses and email worms. For example Microsoft Exchange 2007 email servers has a well-known vulnerability that could allow remote code execution, this vulnerability can allow an attacker to take control of your affected system with Exchange Server service account privileges or the attacker could just disable your services within Microsoft Exchange completely. Hardware Vulnerabilities The same can be said for the companies hardware systems listed such as their iPhones and Windows Mobile 6, these hardware devices that employees of QWD are devices that can easily be hacked by an outside user for example the iPhone 4 has a vulnerability that allows an intruder to be able to act silently and retrieve e-mail messages, SMS messages, calendar appointments, contact information, photos, music files, videos, along with any other data recorded by iPhone apps. The same can be said for their Windows Mobile 6 devices, there’s a well know issue with the Bluetooth function in all Windows Mobile 6 devices. This issue allows an individual to read or write any file that’s on your mobile device, even the Internet Explorer on Windows Mobile 6 and Windows Mobile 2003 for Smartphones allows attackers to cause a denial of service; which the attacker then uses to infiltrate your device to retrieve e-mail messages, SMS messages, and calendar appointments, contact information etc. From my research the only workaround provided for this vulnerability is not to accept pairing nor connection requests from unknown sources. So it would be better if the individuals who are using devices with Windows Mobile 6 as their operating system should be very mindful and careful of the things that they allow their devices to connect to. Recommended Solutions: For QWD the installation of anti-malware to protect against malicious applications, spyware, infected SD cards and malware-based attacks against their mobile or hardware devices such as iPhones, laptops etc. Strongly enforce security policies, such as mandating the use of strong PINs/Passcodes, use SSL VPN clients to effortlessly protect data in transit and ensure appropriate network authentication and access rights finally centralize locate and remote lock, wipe, backup and restore facilities for lost and stolen devices. As for software vulnerabilities the use of firewalls, on both laptops and desktops, anti-malware and spyware programs that will protect against malicious activities, updated software patches with the latest updates to security threats, the use of strong passwords and pass keys, when sending information over the internet whether classified or unclassified he use of an encryption tool to keep that information from being intercepted. Impact on Business Processes: As we all know as IT professional, there can be a lot of different impacts that can affect work progress within a company such as password update reminders, the cost that will be needed to implement these new changes, what would be the privacy, rules and regulations for these devices. Not only will these new changes cause confusion for the first few months of the change up, they may also cause employee’s to feel paranoid of the thought that their system could be compromised and that there being asked to constantly update things within their system. Summary: In summary this paper focuses on the vulnerabilities of QWD as a Web Design and development company, the software and hardware vulnerabilities of their system and the needed recommended solutions for all devices such as their iPhones and Windows Mobile 6 usable devices. These devices left unchecked can cause major issues to the company if such items were attacked and used to an attackers benefit. QWD as an organization must assess the situation with their software and hardware vulnerabilities and commence the proper and needed steps to counter these problems within QWD. References: Degerstrom, J. (2011). Browser Security and Quality Web Design. Retrieved from http://www. jimdegerstrom. com/blog/2011/05/browser-security-and-quality-web-design. html Lowe, S. (2009). Patch these critical vulnerabilities in Exchange Server. Retrieved from http://www. techrepublic. om/blog/datacenter/patch-these-critical-vulnerabilities-in-exchange-server/611 Hamell, D. (2010). Malicious Mobile Threats Report. Retrieved from http://juniper. mwnewsroom. com/manual-releases/2011/At-Risk–Global-Mobile-Threat-Study-Finds-Security Norman, G. (2009). Windows Mobile 6. 0 Users Beware of Bluetooth Vulnerability. Retrieved from http://www. findmysoft. com/news/Windows-Mobile-6-0-and-6-1-Users-Beware-of-Bluetooth-Vulnerability/ Greenberg, A. (2011). iPhone Security Bug. Retrieved from How to cite Quality Web Design, Papers

Towards a Critical Evaluation of Ethics Social Responsibility in Advertising

Introduction Today, more than ever before, advertising practitioners face ethical and social responsibility concerns that are common to all professionals, but they also stumble upon issues related to factors unique to the advertising industry.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Towards a Critical Evaluation of Ethics Social Responsibility in Advertising specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite some academic and popular debate of ethics and social responsibility challenges in advertising, ranging from their sweeping social ramifications to consumer insights of potentially distasteful advertisements, new and more complex challenges continue to present, in part, due to convergence of technology and today’s fractionalized media market place (Drumwright Murphy, 2004 p. 7). The challenges are further propelled by the fact that advertisements, in their most comprehensive nature, reach deeply into our most fundamen tal concerns, predominantly in as far as our interpersonal and family relationships, influence on target audiences, the desertion of cultural traditions, and the role of advertisement in society are concerned (Leiss et al., 1990 p. 1). Using a case study approach and comprehensive review of relevant literature, this paper will seek to illuminate the role advertisement plays in society. In particular, the paper will focus attention to ethics and social responsibility issues in advertisement, and how these issues affect or influences the role advertisement plays in the social setting. Additionally, the paper will seek to explicate some basic economic assumptions and how they can be violated by ethical and social responsibility concerns in advertising. It should be noted at this early juncture that the present paper will largely depend on personal opinions articulately backed by current literature on the above mentioned topics. A quick review of the case study demonstrates that the com plainant was objecting to an advertisement perceived to be phonographic and offending to children and other road users. According to his assessment, the picture of the naked woman in the advertisement was not only unlawful according to Australian advertising standards as set out by the relevant bodies, but was also causing distraction to other road users. The complainant, in my view, was largely relying on code 2.3 administered by the Advertising Standards Bureau (ASB), and which states that â€Å"†¦advertising or marketing communications shall treat sex, sexuality and nudity with sensitivity to the relevant audience and, where appropriate, the relevant programme time zone† (AANA, n.d.).Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The following section will largely rely on the advertiser’s response to bring into light critical issues that are relevant to this discussion. Ethi cs, Social Responsibility and the Role Advertisement Plays in Society In any part of the world, ethical and social responsibility issues are considered as mainstream topics in the advertising literature, in part, due to the self-regulating nature of the industry and the influence that advertisements have on consumers (Drumwright Murphy, 2004 p. 7). Indeed, ethics and social responsibility overall are immensely broad topics, but here they will be considered within the context of how they affect and influence the role advertisement plays in society, not mentioning that they will be compared along the continuum of the case study. Advertising ethics is basically concerned with â€Å"what is right or good in the conduct of the advertising function† (Drumwright Murphy, 2004 p. 7). In a broader sense, it concerns itself with questions relating to what ought to be done within the advertising framework, not just with what must be done to comply with any legal obligation. On its part , social responsibility has over the years emerged as a leading theme guiding the management and communication practice, especially after the recognition by practitioners that it is a valid and essential business tool that conveys concrete and superficial benefits for organizational and social outcomes. In a holistic orientation, social responsibility can be defined as an organization’s social commitments that go outside the scope of the organization and obligations set by the law, to advance a social cause (Kerr et al., 2008 p. 155). Both ethics and social responsibility are central to the advertising practice. However, ethical and social responsibility principles, in my view, are not laws or regulations in the same sense that legal restraints are; on the contrary, these principles are neither uniformly nor officially approved by all members of society, nor can the violators of ethical and social responsibility principles be sanctioned or chastised as by the law.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Towards a Critical Evaluation of Ethics Social Responsibility in Advertising specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This challenge is further compounded by the fact that the advertising industry in many countries is self-regulated, implying that advertisers are jointly responsible for upholding advertising standards, codes and practices that ostensibly curtail harm to consumers and, by extension, society (Study Guide, p. 38). This exposition of facts lead to the conclusion that advertisers must at all times choose, on their own volition, to work within acceptable moral standards to avoid violating the consumers and, to a large extent, the society’s basic economic assumptions. When this is achieved, as Preston (2010) postulates, advertising intrinsically generates the potential to ensure consumer success and satisfaction in the market place (p. 259). From the case report, it is evidently cl ear that the board, in making its ruling, relied on the fact that the image used in the advertisement was consistent with the beauty industry. In other words, the image used in the advertisement is both industry and market specific. Pollay (1988) asserts that â€Å"†¦consumers and campaigns have often been researched carefully to identify perceptions, motivations and values of the audience. Advertisements are then designed to strike an emphatic note and deployed with increased media effectiveness† (p. 7). As demonstrated in the case report as well as this particular author, advertisements therefore influence public awareness, perceptions, expectations, attitudes, feelings, societal values, preferences and behaviour. In consequence, advertisements that are in taste with the product, service or industry being advertised, in my view, will always impact the society positively in as far as they are done in an ethical manner. A Ministry of Health advertisement, for example, ma y offer useful insights on how HIV/AIDS is transmitted, thus providing a conducive environment for the population to change their perceptions, attitudes and behaviour. As such, advertisements, in my view, act to disseminate information within the social context, not mentioning the fact that they act as knowledge conduits. Another strong point submitted by the advertiser in the case study is that of relevancy of the image to the advertisement.Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While arguing their case for a three-tired framework for evaluating ethical considerations, Johnson and Scholes (1997) are of the opinion that the first tier of the framework – the macro level – should be largely concerned with considering the relative virtues of diverse socio-political structures, such as the free enterprise economies, and the objectives which profit-making organizations and, by extension, advertisement practitioners are expected to fulfil (p. 207). This assertion offers credence to the advertisement by virtue of the product being advertised (Naked Tan), the scope of the business in question and, finally, the purpose which the advertisement is expected to fulfil in a predominantly free enterprise economy. In consequence, it can be argued that advertisements, depicted along the continuum of the macro level of the three-tier framework, serves societal interests by not only lowering prices through sharing relevant information with the target audience, bu t also by stimulating product or service innovation. To achieve desirable outcomes, however, such advertisements must always adhere to ethical considerations and the plight of not only the target audiences, but also the greatest number of people in line with the utilitarian approach. Preston (2010) is of the opinion that â€Å"†¦while the law, as an external force, is the same for everyone in commerce, ethics is within each person’s mind, and so reflects individual and perhaps unique decisions† (p. 260). This assertion, in my view, can be effectively used to explain the discomfort felt by the complainant towards the image appearing on the advertisement in the case study. In line with the above assertion, there exist a wide body of literature demonstrating that ethical principles are cultural specific, and that different cultures have different ethical standards. Advertisement communication is also industry and product dependent (Study Guide, p. 24, 42). The unique ness of advertising along the spectrum of culture, industry, and product variables, in my view, is beneficial to the society since it does not only allow enhanced economies of scale by virtue of the fact that what may appeal to one segment may not necessarily appeal to another target audience, but it also assist in mass distribution of product information among various target audiences. The practice of advertising, as is the case in other disciplines, has its own negative effects. First, advertisements have been accused for projecting a biased position on products and services by creating needs and wants that only serve to drain scarce resources, thus demonstrating a negative economic underpinning to the society. In what is now commonly referred to as the Galbraith’s theory, John Kenneth Galbraith postulated that organizations â€Å"†¦do not use advertising to inform us about products that might sate our independently determined desires. Rather, the function of advertis ing and marketing is to bring into being wants that previously did not exist† (Potter, 2006 p. 2). This observation, in my view, is valid to the extent that advertisements are capable of creating a dependence effect especially in the case of minors who may be incapable of making decisions from an informed point of view. It is also worth noting that the superficial creation of wants that previously did not exist only serves to entrench the culture of consumerism among the target audiences, in the process benefiting advertisers by virtue of having a ready market for products and services, while seriously draining scarce financial and material resources at the societal level. Second, the practice of advertising has been accused for encouraging deception, more so in cases where the target audiences are incapable of making their own informed decisions. It is imperative to note that the culture of deception demonstrates unethical behaviour and is, in its own right, socially irrespon sible. Although children have over the last couple of years being receiving unprecedented level of attention from advertising practitioners and marketers, and that they are no longer viewed as adults-in-waiting but as rational agents in their own right (O’Sullivan, 2005 p. 371), chances are that they are likely to fall victim to unethical practitioners by virtue of the fact that their cognitive capacities may not be fully developed to a point of making decisions from an informed perspective. Some advertisers, as noted by this particular author, continue to use commercial free speech and the self-regulating nature of the advertising industry to entrap children to some unnecessary wants that may, in the long-term, be detrimental to their health. Such advertisements, in my view, have obvious social ramifications in terms of increased heath care costs, early childhood mortality, and the dependence syndrome. This observation can be validated in the case study where the complainant observes that the advertisement is counterproductive to children. Third, the lack of universal set of ethical and social responsibility principles continue to present challenges within the advertising industry (Study Guide, p. 40). This observation is reinforced in the case study by the fact that the complainant found the image in the advertisement offending, while others, including the ASB and the advertiser, found it to be within acceptable ethical limits. What’s more, advertisers themselves often fail to recognize in the first instance that there exists an ethical dilemma in what they display to the public gallery in the form of advertisements (Study Guide, p. 40, 45). These assertions, in my view, are valid to the extent that society continue to be bombarded by advertisements that in most occasions have a negative bearing on what is ‘right’ or what is ‘good’ in terms of advertising ethics. It is indeed true that some advertisements as portrayed by various mediums of communications only serve to tear down the moral fabric using the misplaced excuse of lack of universal set of ethical standards. This, in social responsibility terms, is both individually and collectively wrong. Academics and advertising practitioners have over the years discovered a close correlation between advertising and economics. In this sphere of knowledge, opinions are once again divided among those who view advertising as a positive force in as far as the economic benefits discussed herein are concerned, and those who view it as a negative force in as far as the economic and social consequences, also discussed in this essay, are concerned. Pro-advertising advocates argues that advertising contributes to, among other things, higher standards of living, enhanced customer satisfaction, enhanced economies of scale, lower prices for products and services, effective and efficient mass distribution of product information to consumers in making informed decis ions, and product innovation, while anti-advertising campaigners argues that advertisement by its very nature drains away scarce resources by creating a culture of dependence that is not healthy to a free enterprise economy (Study Guide, p. 30; Potter, 2006 p. 2). The following section aims to look at two basic economic assumptions that are not only relevant to the case study, but are also in line with a free market enterprise. It should be noted at this juncture that advertising is a basic function of free market economies by virtue of the fact that it continues to be proactively used to communicate the value of products and services to people who know nothing about their reputation (Norris, 1980 p. 5). One of the four basic economic assumptions as opined by Arens et al (2011) is self-interest. In an entirely free-market representation, according to the authors, all stakeholders – consumers, suppliers, manufacturers and middle men, among others – are believed to act o ut of self interest as they seek to take full advantage of their own fulfilment. The assumption of self-interest, in my view, not only enables the stakeholders in a free-market economy to efficiently allocate scarce resources, but also creates an enabling environment whereby value and utility can be maximized. The advertiser of the ‘Naked Tan’ in the case study actively employs the basic economic assumption of self-interest to drive sales for his product, thus enhancing the value and profit margin of his business. The consumers of ‘Naked Tan’, on their own free will, can either decide to buy the product if it pleases them, and if the cost is favourable depending on their own self-interest. In consequence, it can be argued that the assumption of self-interest, superficially and comprehensively, drives free enterprise economies. The second basic economic assumption, according to Arens et al (2011) is known as complete information and entails practitioners dis playing their ads in areas that best serve their interests in as far as variables such as market share, cost, and geographic location are concerned. This assumption forms one of the hallmarks of a free-market economy, in part, due to the fact that it deals with how advertisers and marketers can be able to access information that will enable them make informed decisions, thus enhance value creation and maximize returns. From the case study, it is evidently clear that the advertiser of ‘Naked Tan’, while maintaining acceptable ethical standards as set out by the ASB, has also made use of this assumption to identify advertising locations and mediums that will ostensibly allow him to maximize value. Conclusion From the above discussion, it is evidently clear that issues of ethics and social responsibility are of germane importance to the practice of advertising. Advertisers, in striving to do what is good in the eyes of the majority members of society, must always ensure th at ethical standards are applied to advertising scheduling and decision-making processes, not mentioning the fact that they must use their social, intuitive, and cognitive abilities to ensure that the content depicted in the advertisements is acceptable to the majority number of people within any given population. The roles that advertisement play in society has been well articulated in this essay, and individual perceptions and viewpoints well delivered. Advertisers don’t live in a vacuum and, as such, they should be able to undertake comprehensive research on their target audiences for purposes of gaining an in-depth insight on their preferences and dislikes. Such an undertaking, in my view will offer the practitioners a rationalistic framework on which to base and justify their advertising based on acceptable ethical standards, and not necessarily on any legal obligation. List of References Arens, W.F., Weigold, M.F., Arens, C (2011). Contemporary Advertising, 13th Ed. Bo ston, MA: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Australian Association of National Advertisers (n.d.). Viewed http://aana.com.au/ . Drumwright, M.E., Murphy, P.E (2004). How Advertising Practitioners View Ethics. Journal of Advertising, Vol. 33, Issue 2, pp. 7-24. Johnson, G., Scholes, K (1997). Exploring Corporate Strategy, 4th Ed. London: Prentice Hall. Leiss, W., Klein, S., Jhally, S (1990). Social Communication in Advertising: Persons, Products and Images of Well-being, 2nd Ed. Ontario: Nelson. Norris, V (1980). Advertising History According to the Text Books. Journal of Advertising, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 3-11. O’Sullivan, T (2005). Advertising and Children: What do the Kids Think? Qualitative Market Research, Vol. 8, Issue 4, pp. 371-384. Pollay, R.W (1988). Keeping advertising from going down in History – Unfairly. European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 22, Issue 8, pp. 7-16. Preston, I.L (2010). Interaction of Law and Ethics in Matters of Advertisers’ Responsibility for Protect ing Consumers. Journal of Consumer Affairs, Vol. 44, Issue 1, pp 259-264. Potter, A (2006). Galbraith Theory of Advertising had us all Fooled. MACLEANS.CA. Viewed https://www.macleans.ca/ . Spitzer, R (2010). Is Social Responsibility Good? Journal of Quality Participation, Vol. 33, Issue 3, pp 13-17 Naked Tan, 28/07/2010, Ref No. 0305/10. This essay on Towards a Critical Evaluation of Ethics Social Responsibility in Advertising was written and submitted by user Sara L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Healthcare Business Proposal Essay Example

Healthcare Business Proposal Essay Example Healthcare Business Proposal Paper Healthcare Business Proposal Paper Today the whole Healthcare system (NHS) is thread bare in front of us, more than 46 million Americans have no healthcare coverage and over 40 million have minimal coverage (Dennis Kucinich, 2005). 41% of moderate to middle class Americans went without health care cover for some part of the year in 2005 and a staggering 53% of those earning less than $20000 in 2005 went without insurance for the whole year. According to National Academy of Science Institute of Medicine almost 18000 Americans die each year due to lack of health care. Where it needs Improvement (Opportunity Analysis) According to Paul Krugman (2006), the present system of spends enough amount to cover for universal healthcare but delivers almost half the results. A large chunk of money spend today goes into bureaucracy and operational inefficiency rather than providing healthcare to the people in need. He further explained that in the present system the doctor referenced has two full time medical staff and another for billing and two office assistants spending half their time in collecting insurance information on 301 different private plans. This operational complication on an average result in 20% increase in cost and delays in providing help to the needed. No wonder with such inefficiencies American healthcare expense is twice per person compare to Canada which provides universal health care for all its citizens. To put things in perspective, today the country spends 15 % of its GDP on health care compare to 9 to 10 percent spent by most other advanced countries. Secondly as American companies’ global competitiveness has decreased due to outsourcing, more and more companies today are taking the path of not covering its employees with health insurance. Today the American companies which treat its employees properly are at disadvantage and government has not initiated any steps to encourage companies to provide health cover to its employees. Business Proposal: Starting an Electronic Healthcare Record Company As this year Nobel Peace Prize winner Md. Yunus showed that there is possibility of making a socially responsible and profitable business by working with the people who are at the bottom of the prosperity pyramid. The company is aim to maintain the electronic record of its customers across the country. Each customer will have a personal account and the company will handle not only the customer’s healthcare report, diagnostic tests report and other medication report but also will be available to all the hospitals in the country. This will reduce the doubling of expensive diagnostic tests and will provide doctors starting information. It will be extra beneficial in case of emergencies where the doctors have to take quick action and need the previous record of the patient. Secondly it will also bring down the operational cost which according to economist Paul Krugman is one of the main contributor to cost. Apart from maintaining health records in collaboration with the hospitals and customers the company will help the customer in getting information regarding the insurance policies and affiliated diagnostic centers, online medicine supply and other subsidiary health care services.

Pronoun Case on SAT Writing Tips and Practice Questions

Pronoun Case on SAT Writing Tips and Practice Questions SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you ready for more grammar funPronoun case is a grammar rule that is regularly tested on the SAT. You know the drill: Learn the SAT Writing rule and you'll raise your score. There are multipe pronoun rules that are tested in SAT Writing. This one is relatively straightforward and tends to be tested a little less often than the others. However, you will most likely see at least one or two pronoun case questions on the SAT. Let's master this rule, learn tips and strategies to solve these questions, and get you one step closer to your target score. In this post, I'll do the following: Explain the difference between subjects and objects. Give you a clear understanding of pronoun case. Offer strategies that can help you correctly answer pronoun case questions. Provide you with practice questions so you can test what you've learned. Quick Review: What's a Pronoun? A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun. The noun to which the pronoun refers is called the antecedent. Some examples of pronouns include I, he, she, it, me, him, her, their, we, and us. What is Pronoun Case? Case refers to whether a pronoun is being used as a subject or an object. What is a Subject? Simply, a subject is the noun that corresponds with a verb in a sentence. In a sentence where there is an action, the subject is the noun that is doing the action. Here is an example: Justin writes articles. Justin is the subject because he does the writing. In a sentence where there is a description, typically using a form of the verb "to be", the subject is the noun that is being described. Consider this possibly accurate sentence: Justin is odd. Justin is the subject because he is the person who is odd. What is an Object? An object is a noun that receives an action. An object can be a direct object of a verb, an object of a preposition, or an indirect object of a verb. Here is an example sentence with a noun as a direct object of a verb: I ate an orange. The object is "an orange" because that is what I ate. Here's an example sentence in which I bolded the object of the preposition: John spoke to his niece. John's niece is the object because she is the person to whom he spoke. An indirect object comes before the direct object and indicates to whom or for whom the action is done and who is receiving the direct object. Here is an example sentence with the indirect object bolded: I gave my girlfriend a sweatshirt. In the sentence "my girlfriend" is the indirect object because I gave a sweatshirt to her. The sweatshirt is the direct object because that is what I gave. If you're confused by the concept of an indirect object, for the purpose of pronoun case, just remember that the object receives the action, either directly or indirectly. Subject Pronouns Vs. Object Pronouns If a noun is being used as a subject, it can be replaced by a subject pronoun. If a noun is being used as an object, it can be replaced by an object pronoun. Here is a list of subject pronouns: SINGULAR SUBJECT PRONOUNS I You He/She/It/One Who PLURAL SUBJECT PRONOUNS We You They Who Here is a list of object pronouns, corresponding to the ones above: SINGULAR OBJECT PRONOUNS Me You Her/Him/It/One Whom PLURAL OBJECT PRONOUNS Us You Them Whom Now that we've covered all the basics, we are equipped with the necessary knowledge to tackle pronoun case questions on the SAT. Pronoun Case on the SAT The SAT tests you on whether you should use a subject pronoun or an object pronoun. You will be tested on the following subject/object pairs: I Vs. Me She, He Vs. Her, Him We Vs. Us They Vs. Them Who Vs. Whom So, now we'll go through the process of how to decide whether to use a subject or an object pronoun in a given sentence. Strategy Let's go over some example sentences showing how subject pronouns can replace subjects and object pronouns can replace objects. Check out the following sentence: Sonia delivered a spectacular speech. Let's replace "Sonia" with a pronoun. First, we have to determine if Sonia is a subject or an object. Well, because she is the person who did the action, she is the subject. So, we must use a subject pronoun. After replacing "Sonia" with a pronoun, the sentence should read: She delivered a spectacular speech. You cannot replace "Sonia" with an object pronoun. You cannot write "Her delivered a spectacular speech." That is an example of a pronoun case error. Here is another example sentence: Hillary Clinton gave her autograph to Bob. Let's go through the same process and replace "Bob" with a pronoun. Is Bob a subject or an object? Well, he follows the preposition "to" and received the autograph from Hillary Clinton. Bob is an object. So, we have to replace Bob with an object pronoun. The resulting sentence should look like this: Hillary Clinton gave her autograph to him. If we made a pronoun case error when replacing "Bob" with a pronoun, the sentence would read, "Hillary Clinton gave her autograph to he." This rule seems relatively simple, right? Subjects do actions. Objects receive actions. Well, we know the SAT likes to complicate the most basic sentences and truly test your understanding of a grammar rule. Pronoun case questions become more difficult in sentences with compound subjects and compound objects. The Same Rules Apply for Compound Subjects and Compound Objects Compound just means that two nouns are connected with the word "and". In a sentence with a compound subject, there are two nouns that serve as the subject. In a sentence with compound objects, there are two objects of the same verb. Let's look at an example sentence: Ice-T and Justin met at an IHOP. "Ice-T and Justin" are the subject. They are the people who did the meeting. Now, let's replace "Justin" with a pronoun. We know that "Justin" is a subject so we have to use a subject pronoun. Because I am Justin, my sentence would look like this: Ice-T and I met at an IHOP. If you were writing this sentence about me, your sentence would look like this: Ice-T and he met at an IHOP. That sentence probably sounds awkward to you, but it is grammatically correct. Most people would use the object pronoun and write, "Ice-T and him met at an IHOP." That would be a pronoun case error. Remember, always follow the grammar rules and avoid relying on what "sounds right". Let's go through the same process with another example sentence: Mr. T gave gold chains to Marc and Justin. Again, let's replace "Justin" with a pronoun. Are "Marc and Justin" subjects or objects? Well, they received the gold chains. Also, they follow the preposition "to". They are objects. So, we have to replace "Justin" with an object pronoun. Because I am Justin, this would be my sentence: Mr. T gave gold chains to Marc and me. Many students are tempted to write "Marc and I" in this situation. However, in this sentence, that would be a pronoun case error. "I" can only be used as a subject and "me" can only be used as an object. If you were writing the preceding example sentence about me, you would write: Mr. T gave gold chains to Marc and him. Because we are replacing an object with a pronoun, we have to use an object pronoun. The SAT tends to use compound subjects or objects in questions that test pronoun case because the correct answer often sounds wrong to us. So, can we employ a strategy that allows us to more easily identify pronoun case errors in sentences with compound subjects or objects? Yes!!! Strategy If you see a compound subject/object, cross out the other noun and "and". For compound objects, the sentence should still be grammatically correct. Let's do this with the previous example: Mr. T gave gold chains to Marc and me. This sentence probably sounds less awkward to you. Most likely, you would be able to immediately identify a pronoun case error if you saw a sentence that read, "Mr. T gave gold chains to I". If you do the same thing with a compound subject, the sentence will be grammatically correct if you also change the verb from plural to singular, due to subject-verb agreement. However, keep in mind that the singular and plural forms of a verb can be the same. Let's use the cross-out method with a compound subject to help determine if there is a pronoun case error. Look at the following sentence: Nathan and him went to college together. After crossing out the noun and "and", we're left with "him went to college together". Does "him went to college" sound right to you? Probably not. Regardless, let's rely on the rules. In this sentence, is "him" a subject or an object? It's a subject because they did the action. They went together. Because "him" is an object pronoun, there is a pronoun case error. The sentence should read: Nathan and he went to college together. Let's use what we've learned on a real example from the SAT. Real SAT Writing Example This is an example taken from an actual SAT. Try to use your newly acquired knowledge of pronoun case and the appropriate strategy to answer this question. This is an "identify the error" question. Where is the error? Is there an error? Well, let's take a look at answer choice C and determine if "I" is being used correctly. If we use the cross-out strategy we learned to utilize with compound subjects/objects, we're left with "Mary invited I". Perhaps you know the answer at this point. If not, let's take this a step further. Is "I" being used as a subject or object? Well, in the sentence, "I" is receiving the action. "I" is being invited. Therefore, "I" is being used as an object. That is incorrect. The pronoun "I" can only be used as a subject. The answer is C. The sentence should read, "Mary invited Sandhya and me". Here's one more example for you: Is there a pronoun case error in this sentence? Let's look at the phrase "him and his sister Rosa were presented". If we use the cross-out strategy and change the verb from plural to singular, we're left with "him was presented". Would you ever say, "him was presented with an award"? I hope not, because "him" is an object pronoun and it is being used as a subject! In the example sentence, the phrase should be "he and his sister Rosa were presented with awards". The answer is A. Who Vs. Whom Occasionally, the SAT will also test you on whether to use "who" or "whom" in a sentence. These words are known as relative pronouns. Most people have no idea when and how to properly use "who" and "whom". Luckily, the rule is pretty simple. The word "who" is a subject pronoun and "whom" is an object pronoun. Here's a tip to help you more easily answer questions involving "who" or "whom". Strategy In terms of pronoun case, "who" and "whom" function like "he" and "him". The word "who" is a subject pronoun and "whom" is an object pronoun. To determine if there is a pronoun case error, replace "who" with "he" and "whom" with "him". If the antecedent is plural, replace "who" with "they" and "whom" with "them". Here is an example sentence: Justin, who is my teacher, knows when to use "whom" correctly. So, the sentence is saying that Justin is my teacher. "Who" modifies Justin, who is being described as my teacher. If we replace "who" with "he", the resulting sentence is grammatically correct: He is my teacher. Therefore, "who" is being properly used as a subject. Take a look at this sentence: Justin, whom I adore, writes articles for PrepScholar. In the sentence, the clause with "whom" is saying that "I adore Justin". If we replace "whom" with "him", the resulting sentence is also grammatically correct: I adore him. The word "whom" is being properly used as an object. It is modifying "Justin", who is receiving the adoration. Do you get it? Here's one more example: My friend, to whom I wrote a nasty e-mail, is not talking to me. Here, the sentence is saying that "I wrote a nasty e-mail to my friend". If we're replacing "my friend" with a pronoun, would we use the subject or object case? Well, since "my friend" follows the preposition "to" and receives the action, you should use the object form. You would write "I wrote a nasty e-mail to him" and not "I wrote a nasty e-mail to he." Therefore, you would also use the object case of the relative pronoun. The word "whom" is being used correctly in the sentence. Now we can take what we've learned to an actual example from an SAT. Real SAT Writing Example Here is an "identify the error" question from a real SAT. Use our strategy and your knowledge of pronoun case to determine if "who" is being used correctly: In the sentence, "who" is modifying the investors. The antencedent is plural, so with our replacement strategy we should use a plural pronoun. Does the grammatically correct sentence use a subject pronoun? Should it be "They sold stocks"? Or does the grammatically correct sentence use an object pronoun? Should it be "Them sold stocks"? The answer, of course, is that the sentence requires a subject pronoun. The investors did the selling. Therefore, "who" is being used correctly. Actually, the answer to this question is D. The word "exceptional" should be in the adverb form, "exceptionally". Now that we have thoroughly investigated pronoun case and the various types of pronoun case questions on the SAT, here are some general strategies to ensure that you correctly answer any pronoun case question you may encounter. Almost there! General SAT Writing Strategies for Pronoun Case #1: If a Pronoun is Underlined, Check for an Error in Pronoun Case If a pronoun is underlined in any of the writing subsections (sentence improvement, identify the error, or paragraph improvement), make sure there is not a pronoun case error. #2: Determine if the Pronoun is Being Used as a Subject or Object If the pronoun is doing the action or being described, it is a subject. If the pronoun is receiving the action, it is an object. Use subject pronouns for subjects and object pronouns for objects. Use the replacement strategy, if necessary, to help determine if a noun is a subject or object. #3: The Same Rules Apply for Compound Subjects/Objects If you see a compound subject/object, the sentence should be grammatically correct if you get rid of one of the nouns and "and". Change "John and I went to the store" to "I went to the store". The sentence is still correct. So, if you see a compound subject/object on the SAT, use the cross out strategy to help determine if there is a pronoun case error. For compound subjects, also make sure that you change the verb from plural to singular. #4: If a Pronoun Follows a Preposition, It is an Object Pronoun Pronouns that follow prepositions, specifically "to", "for", or "between", should be in the object case. #5: Use the Replacement Strategy for Who Vs. Whom If you are trying to determine whether "who" or "whom" should be used, replace "who" with "he" for singular antecedents and "who" with "they" for plural antecedents. In the spirit of gender equality, you can also replace "who" with "she". The word "whom" should be replaced with "him" for singular antecedents and "them" for plural antecedents. Again, feel free to replace "whom" with "her". Additional Practice Hopefully by this point you understand pronoun case and how to correctly answer any pronoun case question that may appear on the SAT. I've created some realistic SAT Writing practice questionsto test you on what you've learned. Remember to use the general strategies I referenced above. 1. Inside the classroom, my teacher (A) and me (B) have a relationship that (C) inspires me (D) to learn. No error (E) 2.Due to her (A) excellent behavior and kindness to others, (B) she (C) was given the citizenship award by her (D) principal. No error (E) 3. Even after our (A) nasty fight, there is (B) no animosity between (C) our neighbors and we. (D) No error (E) 4.We (A) were surprised to learn (B) that the honor of carrying (C) the torch was bestowed upon she. (D) No error (E) 5.I (A) was excited to hand the coach and they (B) their (C) trophy after they (D) won the championship game. (E) No error Answers: 1. B, 2., E, 3. D, 4. D, 5. B What's Next? Keep honing all the skills you need to do well on SAT Writing. I recommend checking out this article about what's actually tested on SAT Writing. If you're focusing on grammar, read the complete guide to SAT grammar rules. Those who want to challenge themselves and test their mastery of the SAT Writing section should check out this post about the hardest SAT writing questions. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Writing and grammar lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

The History of Australian Mining Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The History of Australian Mining - Assignment Example Even in those early years trading routes were established which crisscrossed the country. The people also used coal for cooking and heating and it is mentioned in the dream stories of the Awabakal people who lived in the area of modern Newcastle. Modern day mining though began following the arrival of European settlers on the east coast seaboard in 1788. In the early days of the new colony Hawkesbury sandstone was quarried and shaped of use in early buildings at Sydney Cove. The incomers soon spread and the first discovery of coal occurred near Newcastle area in 1791, due to the activities of runaway convicts, including William Bryant. This discovery led to further investigations of possible sources and within a few years coal was being mined in several areas both north and South of Sydney. At first ship owners only collected coal from the surface at New castle. This they then shipped from 1798 onwards to the larger community at Sydney. The following year enough coal was available to allow its export to India. Half a century later in April 1851 gold was found by gold was made by John Lister and William Tom at Ophir, in central New South Wales. An associate of theirs Edward Hargraves, showed their gold to the then Colonial Secretary. It was Hargraves who claimed the reward of  £5000 for its discovery . Lister, Tom and the Rev. W.B. Clarke received only  £500 each. It seems however, according to recently discovered correspondence that the government had already acknowledged that there was gold to be found at Ophir.

IV Catheter Insertion Needle Stick Incidences Research Paper

IV Catheter Insertion Needle Stick Incidences - Research Paper Example The needle stick injuries are relatively lower. The healthcare workers face a great risk, due to occupational exposure to blood and body fluids. The exposure may lead to transmission of disease causing pathogens, which result to infection and other hazardous consequences for the health workers. The safety catheter requires activation by user, and it is simple to activate and this ensures that injuries are minimized. Therefore, it clear that needle stick injuries are preventable through the use of safe needles, and the application of worker education and practice controls that are driven towards the reduction of injuries. On average, a health care practitioner is exposed to the dangers of deadly blood borne pathogens, through the contamination of needle sticks, or splash exposures (American Nurses Association, 2002). This is a great risk that faces every frontline health worker. Although this problem is regarded as part of the job of the health care workers, the Needle stick Safety and Prevention Act of 2001 is a legislation that was signed by the federal government, for the purpose of safeguarding the welfare of healthcare workers. The paper seeks to examine the issue of IV Catheter Insertion Needles, and particularly, whether the introduction of IV catheter insertion needles reduces the risk of needle sticks (Jegger & Bentley, 1998). The retractable needle IV catheter is designed in a manner that reduces the needle-stick injuries, and this is in line with the federal regulations, on the risk of heath care workers. Needle stick injuries are accidental skin penetrations and stab wounds, which are caused by hollow-bore needles, which include hypodermic needles, blood-collection needles, IV catheter stylets and other needles (Lawson, n.d.). Nurses and health care workers are exposed to needle sticks, at least every month while either inserting or removing the peripheral IV catheters. This form of risk is reported to be

Health Impacts of the Modern American Diet

Health Impacts of the Modern American Diet In contrast to the epidemics of infectious diseases in the 18th and 19th centuries, the conventional dietary guidelines Americans have been receiving in the past many years has resulted in an epidemic of another genre, that is Obesity. The magnitude of obesity epidemic surpasses the historical epidemics in terms of causing disease and deaths, and an economic burden on individuals and nations at large. About 25% of American populations use Statins (cholesterol lowering drugs) and more and more consume diet low in fat, but inspite of these steps more American are expected to die of heart disease than ever before. American heart Association statistics estimate that presently 75 million Americans have heart disease; about 20 million suffer from diabetes while another 57 million are prediabetics, at risk of developing diabetes disease later. All these diseases are affecting younger population more, contrary to the myth that chronic diseases only affect old people. In contrast to the epidemics of infectious diseases in the 18th and 19th centuries ,the conventional dietary guidelines Americans have been receiving in the past many years has resulted in an epidemic of another genre ,that is Obesity. The magnitude of obesity epidemic surpasses the historical epidemics in terms of causing disease and deaths, and an economic burden on individuals and nations at large. About 25% of American populations use Statins(cholesterol lowering drugs) and more and more consume diet low in fat, but inspite of these steps more American are expected to die of heart disease than ever before. American heart Association statistics estimate that presently 75 million Americans have heart disease; about 20 million suffer from diabetes while another 57 million are prediabetics, at risk of developing diabetes disease later. All these diseases are affecting younger population more, contrary to the myth that chronic diseases only affect old people. Americans have been thriving on a typical diet full of sugars, carbohydrates and processed foods with omega 6 oils, for the last 60 years. While we are enjoying the sweetness of a baked roll in our mouth, our bodies perceive it as a threat to its well-being like an enemy waging war. How can an innocent looking, delicious sweet roll cause a cascade of inflammation to cause serious disease? When you eat simple carbohydrates like sugar, it causes the blood sugar to rise. In response pancreas secrete a hormone Insulin meant to control the blood sugar level. Insulin drives the extra sugar into cells, but if the cells do not require that sugar they throw extra sugar again into blood, as excessive sugar might impair their function. The body secretes more insulin to deal with the rise in blood sugar as a result of extra sugar rejected by cells. The extra glucose gets converted to stored fats. Let’s talk more about that â€Å"not so innocent† sweet roll. Sugar is not the only culprit contained in it .it is baked in omega6 oils like soybean. The same omega 6 oils are used in chips and fries and present in processed foods to give longer shelf life. These omega 6 oils are essential as they are part of cell membranes ,but they need be in correct balance with omega 3 oils .A faulty balance between the two , due to excessive consumption of omega 6 can cause cell membranes to produce Cytokines ,chemical substances which cause inflammation. The ideal ratio of omega 6 and omega 3 should be 1:1, but up to 3; 1 is acceptable considering the trends in food consumption, but today an average American diet is imbalanced to the range of 15:1 to as high as 30:1 in favor of omega-6.This results in huge amounts of cytokines causing inflammation. To add to the injury caused by high blood sugar, the excess weight that we accumulate as a result of these foods, cause over-burdened fat cells which release chemical substances contributing in causing inflammation. So the journey that starts with savoring a sweet roll trigger the harmful process of inflammation in our body causing heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and Alzheimers disease, There is no choice but to accept that our bodies are not designed by nature to utilize foods rich in sugar and dripping with omega 6 oils. Our continued use of these foods means that inflammatory process in our bodies goes unabated. The solution for curbing this inflammatory process lies in getting closer to nature. Consume foods in their natural form. For carbohydrates choose fruits and vegetables (contain complex carbohydrates), eat proteins to build muscles. Restrict the use of mega 6 oils like corn oil and soybean oil and processed foods containing them. Make healthier choices, one tablespoon of corn oil contains 7,280 mg of omega-6; soybean contains 6,940 mg, instead choose to use olive oil or butter from grass-fed beef. These animal fats contain less than 20% of omega 6, thus much lesser risk for causing inflammation, as opposed to the so called healthier polyunsaturated oils. The myth that saturated fats alone are responsible for heart disease has been drummed into your ears for so long that you believe it as â€Å"science†. It is time for you to leave behind all overstated science of saturated fats raising cholesterol and only saturated fats causing heart disease. In context of the new discovery, that inflammation not cholesterol causes heart disease, the concern about saturated fats no longer remains relevant. The old cholesterol theory led to low fat and no fat dietary recommendations and consumption of foods taking the injurious effects of inflammation to an epidemic proportion. People were wronged by the advice to increase the consumption of omega 6 oils and decreasing the use of saturated fats, leading to injurious cascade of inflammation inside our bodies; it resulted in all-time highest rates for developing heart and other chronic diseases What you can do to Right this wrong? I will emphasize again, go natural. Try to remember the foods your grandmother served on the table and get closer to them instead of processed foods your mother bought from the grocery store. Good news is that by avoiding the inflammatory food and consuming fresh unprocessed food containing essential nutrients, you cannot only halt the process of inflammation inside the body, but you can also turn the wheels of this process backwards and reverse the injurious effects of eating a typical American diet for many years. Animal Proteins; You Should Eat Them for a Healthy Heart Most people think that only health problem associated with eating a vegetarian, also called as vegan diet, is Vitamin B12 deficiency, as its present only in animal sources in its natural form. This is a serious health hazard as research has shown that vitamin B12 deficiency can cause elevated homocysteine levels, which increase the risk for developing heart disease and stroke. But, B12 deficiency is not the only health risk associated with vegan diet. New research is coming up with evidence that diet devoid of all animal foods leads to a low dietary intake of proteins and sulfur amino acids, thus increasing the risk of heart disease in vegetarians. Vegetables are an excellent source of nutrients and have lots of benefits for the heart and overall health. You can eat as much vegetables as you like without any health fear, rather this is what should be aimed by every one for optimal health. The problem arises when you eliminate animal proteins completely from your diets resulting in deficiency of valuable nutrients that can only be obtained from animal sources. According to WHO (World health Organization), 36 million people die each year because of chronic diseases also known a Non communicable diseases. The four major diseases of this group include heart diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, Diabetes and cancers. In the US, in the Year 2013, more than 1,660,290 new cancer cases were projected to be diagnosed and about 580,350 Americans died from the disease. Today, heart disease is the leading Couse of death in America, both in men and women. About 600,000 Americans die of heart disease annually. Modern biomedical science has made leaps of advancement in technology in the last 50 years or so, but western medicine has failed to control the occurrence of these top killer diseases, i.e. cancer and heart disease. Practice over the years has shown that western medicine has developed â€Å"conventional strategies† for dealing these diseases from the diagnosis to treatment .These conventional strategies are based on wrong assumptions and approaches that have proven to be more harmful than beneficial. Moreover, these strategies of modern medicine do not address the root cause of the problem, which is a faulty diet high in Sugars and processed foods. For more than 60 years, saturated fats have been held responsible for causing heart disease. The conventional dietary advice and recommendations for prevention of heart diseases have remained focused on low fat diet, but these faulty recommendations have actually contributed in the epidemic of heart disease and other chronic diseases, we are facing today. Stress on low fat diets has resulted in promulgation of a very dangerous low-fat, high-sugar diet. Actually, an optimum diet that promotes health and prevents diseases should be high in good fats and very low in sugars and carbohydrates from the non-vegetable sources. Research conducted by some of the most prestigious institutions in the US confirms that Sugar is the main dietary factor responsible for development of chronic diseases. This information that sugar especially in form of fructose is the main culprit in causing heart disease and cancers enables you to chalk out a prevention plan for yourself. Health practitioners and naturopaths have been warning against the health risks associated with the high consumption of sugars. Many people stop or decrease the use of sugar in tea or coffee and other sweets or confectionaries, but you have to beware of the Hidden sugar in food products. Hidden sugar is present as ‘High fructose corn syrup’ (HFCS) in almost every processed food item ranging from sodas to yogurts, sauces, and breads. Many staple foods which are grain based like wheat, corn or rice are also eventually converted to the sugar in your body. Thus, the bagels, pan cakes and breakfast cereal are actually increasing the sugar burden in your body. The main culprit among sugars is Fructose. Clinical trials showed that people consuming HFCS were more likely to develop cardiovascular diseases risk factor in a short span of almost two weeks. The brighter side is that studies have also shown that if sugar consumption is restricted ,whatever sugar form it may be ,it significantly decreases the risk for developing both breast and colon cancers. The health benefits of fruits are far more greater than any concerns for fructose damage ,but remember two principles Eat in moderation ,as the newer trend to grow fruits that are very sweet has resulted in very high levels of fructose in fruits as compared to earlier times Eat the whole fruit and refrain from juices, as juice contains only the sugar and vitamins and deficient in the fiber and other nutrients contained in the pulp of fruits. The real cause of concern is the High fructose syrup that is added in almost every processed food or drink that we buy. Healthy diet for maintaining blood glucose and Insulin levels, in conjunction with a comprehensive exercise program are two essential components of a cancer recovery program. These are also essential parts of any cancer prevention strategy. Diet and exercise also play an important role in preventing heart disease. Research studies have shown that exercise can reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases by a factor of three. In a recent meta-analysis conducted at the Bloomberg institute of Public health, 305 randomized controlled trials were reviewed for comparing the effects of exercise and heart disease medications. The analysis interestingly revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the effects of exercise and heart medicines like statins (cholesterol lowering drugs) and beta blockers. The crux of the matter remains that a â€Å"Healthy life style†, to maintain an adequate weight with healthy eating and regular exercise is the need. A healthy diet and exercise program ensures that insulin and leptin receptor sensitivity is maintained. As mentioned earlier, insulin and leptin resistance, resulting for the excessive consumption of refined sugars and lack of exercise, is the root cause of all chronic diseases Things to be done to reverse insulin and lepton resistance effectively are; Keep away from sugar, processed foods ,processed fructose and grains Consume healthy diet of organic, whole foods Carbohydrates in grains can be replaced with healthier choices like large quantities of vegetables, high quality proteins in low to moderate amounts; ideally form organically raised pastured animals. Forget the faulty recommendation of 10% fats in diet. Consume as much as you like from healthy fats (saturated and monosaturated fats from animal and tropical oil sources).For optimum health people may use up to 50-85% fats in their diet Deep fried food in Traditional Southern Diet makes you prone for developing- STROKE The traditional southern food is famous for the deep fried stuff, but new medical research suggests that consumption of these deep fried food increases the risk for developing Stroke. The results from a research study conducted at University of Alabama at Birmingham were presented at the annual International Stroke Conference in Hawaii. The results showed a massive 41 % percent increase in the risk for developing stroke for people who use the typical southern diet rich in deep fried items regularly, as compared to those who don’t use such food, and the risk was even higher for African-American which was 63 percent How to attain Balance in Omega 6:3 Ratio I would be giving you few tips for avoiding the consumption of foods that would adversely affect the omega 6:3 ratio. 1: Always read the label of the foods and condiments you buy. Almost all processed and prepackaged food contains oils that are rich in omega 6 and thus would adversely affect your Omega 6:3 balance. In the following table you would find oils rich in omega 6, thus need to be avoided and the other alternate choices of fats that are acceptable for maintaining this balance. The paleo diet consumed by our forefathers mainly consisted of lean meats, vegetables, fruits nuts, seeds and very limited amounts of grains, along with a very active lifestyle they maintained their blood sugar levels in the range of 60 to 90 mg /dl. Meanwhile the high carb and sugary diets which are consumed today result in unhealthy spikes in blood sugar levels. The excess blood sugar in our blood causes many health hazards including heart disease, damage to the blood vessels and may trigger yeast over growth resulting in fungal infections

Nelson Mandela’s Speech “I Am Prepared to Die” Essay

In 1962-1964, Nelson Mandela was charged for opposing the white government of South Africa, high treason, sabotage, and the conspiracy to overthrow the government. In his defense, Mandela gave a speech titled â€Å"I am Prepared to Die† at his trial. This speech is powerful and full of literary devices. In parts of this potent speech he utilizes facts, statistics, and allusions as a tool to his defense. In the beginnings of his speech he uses an anecdote, which is a short interesting story about a real incident or person. Here Mandela states that as young boy in Transkei he listened to the elders of his tribe telling stories of how it used to be, and of wars their ancestors fought against the fatherland, and names such as Dingane, Bambata, Hinsta, and Makana were praised all over the African nation. He uses this to elucidate that he hoped to help his people and make a difference in their freedom. As of the factual parts he states within them, that he admits he was one of the people who helped to form Umkhonto we Sizwe until he was arrested in August 1962, holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Arts and practiced as an attorney in Johannesburg, a convicted prisoner serving five years, and saying that more than 85,000 people defied the apartheid laws and went to jail. With more facts throughout the speech, it gave Mandela more of a reasoning to not be convicted. As of the statistical portions of this speech he stated that more than 85,000 people were arrested for defying the apartheid laws, adaging that 70 percent of South Africa were not entitled to vote, also stating that sixty-nine unarmed Africans died at Sharpeville. These statistics gave Mandela more edge to his defense and supported him. Though Mandela’s speech was intense it wasn’t enough to find him innocent. He was sentenced to life, which he was released at 71 years of age, on February 11, 1990. Yet I still find that this speech was powerful. The literary devices gave him edge and his evidence was correct.

Essay on The Spread of Christianity in the Roman Empire

Factors Which Led to the Spread of Christianity in the Roman Empire Christianity was not born in a vacumn. There were many social, geographical, historical and religious issues prevailing at the time of Christ and all of which were favorable to the spread of Christianity. Geograpicly, Christianity came into being in the Meditation world, the largest of the various centers of civilization at that time. Israel stands almost central to the five continents, dividing the east and west. Another factor, which many scholars believe to be the single most important in the spread of Christianity, is the Pax Romana. This saw a period of over two hundred years, between 30 b.c. and a.d. 193, in†¦show more content†¦This could only be done if travel was easy, which required good roads connecting every part of the empire with the capital. These roads were not exclusively for military use and the progress of travel was increased for all, this included the travel of Christian missionaries. Another extremely important factor which contributed to the spread of the Christian faith was the creation of a universal language- this came in the form of Greek. The result was that the movement of ideas was no longer restricted by the language barrier. The Old Testament was translated into Greek and, outside Israel, it was widely used in Jewish communities- it was often the Greek and not the Hebrew version of the bible which was used by Paul and other early missionaries quoted from. For the first one hundred years of the churchs writings, Greek was the medium used for expansion into the Gentile world. Wand highlights the importance of a universal language, One coinage and one language would carry the traveler all the way... Greek was a kind of universal language which one could make shift anywhere- there would always be found someone who could speak it. Growing cosmopolitism must also be considered as a factor which favored the spread of Christianity. 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